Mr. Adrian Hobkirk reports

LITHIUM SOUTH ANNOUNCES PEA ESTIMATE US$934 MILLION DOLLAR NPV WITH AN IRR OF 31.6% AND A 2.5 YEAR PAYBACK FOR HMN LITHIUM PROJECT

Lithium South Development Corp. has released positive results from an independent preliminary economic assessment (PEA) for its Hombre Muerto North lithium project (HMN lithium project) near Salta, Argentina. The PEA was prepared by Knight Piesold Consulting (KP) and JDS Energy and Mining, both of Vancouver, in accordance with the standards set out in National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, and Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum's Best Practice Guidelines for Mineral Processing (BPGMP).

Company president and chief executive officer Adrian F.C. Hobkirk is quoted: "We are very pleased that Lithium South has advanced the HMN lithium project to a PEA based on 15,600 tonnes per year lithium carbonate technical-grade production. The PEA results highlight attractive economics associated with the project, including a short payback and exceptional internal rate of return. We look forward to taking the HMN lithium project to the next stage of development as quickly as possible."

Resource estimate

The resource estimate for this PEA was prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 and CIM standards, and uses best practice methods specific to brine resources, including a reliance on core drilling and sampling methods that yield depth-specific chemistry and effective (drainable) porosity measurements. The technical report filed on Nov. 6, 2023, is titled "Updated Mineral Resource Estimate -- Hombre Muerto North Project, NI 43-101 Technical Report Catamarca and Salta, Argentina, Mark King, PhD, PGeo, Peter Ehren, MSc, MAusIMM, Sept. 5, 2023." The report was prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, on behalf of the company by independent consultants Groundwater Insight of Halifax, N.S., Canada.

Capital costs (capex) have been updated with quotations from current suppliers working in project construction and development in the Puna region of Argentina. Capex estimates include an indirect cost of 16.6 per cent of direct costs, and a contingency of 30 per cent of total costs.

Project location and environmental permitting

The HMN lithium project is located at the northern portion of the Salar del Hombre Muerto, at the boundary zone of the Catamarca and Salta provinces, 170 kilometres southeast of the city of Salta. The project area comprises a collection of properties or concessions acquired under purchase options from the existing owner. The properties are held as minas (full mining licences not subject to further area reduction requirements) by a wholly owned Argentine subsidiary of the company. The HMN lithium project comprises six properties distributed over the salar for a total of 3,237 hectares. All properties are subject to a mining licences for borates. The area of the property is not subject to any known environmental liabilities.

Lithium pricing

A lithium price of $20,000 (U.S.)/tonne (t) was assumed for the study, assuming a 2029 production start-up. The price of lithium has been volatile in recent months, declining from a peak of approximately $85,000 (U.S.)/t in November, 2022, and stabilizing to $13,000 (U.S.)/t in 2024. The selected price was based on current published market analysis and by benchmarking the price assumptions found in multiple technical reports from similar brine lithium projects. The benchmarking exercise provided a long-term price range of between $20,000 (U.S.) and $25,000 (U.S.)/t, with an average of $22,400 (U.S.)/t over seven projects.

The assumption of $20,000 (U.S.)/t is deemed to be reasonable by the qualified person.

Processing

The PEA models process ecosystem covers the following units:

The brine chemistry is similar to other brines in the region, which allows the brine to be processed using similar processing technology as existing producers. The nominal extraction rate of the design is 179 litres per second. After an initial preconcentration, lime is added to the brine, which removes a large part of magnesium as magnesium hydroxide and the sulphate as gypsum. When the low magnesium and calcium brine is concentrated to about 0.75 per cent it is fed to the lithium carbonate plant. Most of the noxious impurities that are still left in the brine are removed by selective precipitation through the addition of a solution of soda ash and slaked lime and a final ion exchange polishing. The impurity-free brine is then sent to specially designed carbonation precipitators. To produce technical-grade lithium carbonate, a soda ash solution is added at high temperatures, leading to the precipitation of solid lithium carbonate. This solid is then subjected to a series of processes: it is filtered in a centrifuge, washed, repulped, centrifuged once more and finally washed again. The lithium carbonate is dried and packaged in maxi bags, to be finally transported to the client. The main consumption of reagents in the process is shown herein.

Increased lithium recovery

The report has an updated lithium recovery process for the HMN lithium project brine, which uses industry-proven evaporation. An adjustment in the processing sequence will reduce lithium loss as brine entrainments in harvested salts, in the magnesium hydroxide and in calcium sulphate solids, obtaining a lithium recovery of approximately 70 per cent, an improvement from the previous recovery of 50 per cent. Mr. Ehren, MSc, MAusIMM, is the QP responsible for mineral processing.

About Lithium South Development Corp.

Lithium South owns 100 per cent of the HMN lithium project located in Salta and Catamarca provinces, Argentina, in the heart of the Lithium Triangle. The Salar del Hombre Muerto has a history of lithium production, with Livent Corp. in operation for over 25 years, in an area just south of the HMN lithium project. The HMN lithium project is surrounded by a $4-billion (U.S.) lithium development under construction by POSCO (Korea) and the Sal de Vida project under development by Allkem. Exploration work to date has delineated a National Instrument 43-101 compliant 1,583,200-tonne lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) resource on the Alba Sabrina, Natalia Maria and Tramo claim blocks, three of five non-contiguous blocks that make up the HMN lithium project. With process work under way, Lithium South is transitioning from being a lithium explorer to becoming a lithium developer.

Qualified person statements

Mr. Ehren is an independent lithium consultant. He has more than two decades of experience in the industry. He started his interest in the lithium business during his master's thesis at Technical University of the Delft where he investigated for BHP Minerals the recovery of lithium from geothermal brine (Salton Sea), applying a direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology. After his thesis he worked for SQM as a process engineer and research and development manager until 2007. Since 2007 he started to work as independent consultant in the lithium, boron and potassium industry. He is a world expert in solar evaporation systems, phase chemistry and process developments. Additionally, his experience covers product applications, operating expenditure and capex estimation, process simulations, engineering, R&D, and product development. He has worked in lithium basins and production facilities worldwide. He is a chartered professional (AusIMM) and QP for NI 43-101 and JORC.

Dr. King, PhD, FGC, PGeo, of Groundwater Insight Inc., is the QP for resource estimation components of the PEA, as such term is defined by NI 43-101. Dr. King has extensive experience in salar environments and has been a QP on numerous lithium brine projects, ranging from early exploration to production. Dr. King is independent from the company and has reviewed and approved the technical information mentioned in this press release.

Richard Goodwin, PEng, project manager for JDS Energy and Mining, is independent of Lithium South and a QP as defined under Canadian National Instrument 43-101. Mr. Goodwin is a mining engineer and study manager with over 30 years of experience managing mining operation and projects in various commodities such as base metals, precious metals, platinum group metals and diamonds in various domestic and international locations. Mr. Goodwin is responsible for the PEA results, participated directly in the production of this press release and directly related information in this press release, and approves of the technical and scientific disclosure contained herein.

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