Mr. Craig Nicol reports

GMG UNVEILS G LUBRICANT ENGINE PERFORMANCE TESTING RESULTS: A TRANSFORMATIVE GRAPHENE ENERGY SAVING SOLUTION FOR THE MULTI TRILLION DOLLAR GLOBAL LIQUID FUEL INDUSTRY

Graphene Manufacturing Group Ltd. has released the results of the multiyear performance testing of G lubricant, a transformative graphene liquid concentrate additive designed to enhance the performance of diesel and gasoline (petrol) engines. This product has the potential to reshape the future of the global liquid fuel industry and offers an innovative solution that optimizes efficiency and power for stationary or mobile engines.

Graphene Manufacturing is in the process of preparing packaging and marketing materials for G lubricant, and expects to begin a direct marketing campaign, targeting fleet owners and initially commencing in Australia and then expanding into other markets from April, 2025, onward.

Unleashing the power of graphene

G lubricant, a graphene liquid concentrate that can be added to any mineral or synthetic oil used in an internal combustion engine, has been shown to increase fuel efficiency by up to 8.4 per cent in a diesel engine. The amount of graphene in the final lubricant once G lubricant is mixed in is only approximately one to 10,000, with the balance of the concentrate consisting of lubricating base oil. As a result, G lubricant can be used safely in any internal combustion engine. Over the past four years, Graphene Manufacturing has conducted environmentally controlled testing of G lubricant in internal combustion engines monitored and verified by the University of Queensland. Graphene Manufacturing's test results have been corroborated by similar savings realized by customers over a number of years of field testing.

The data show a clear increase in fuel efficiency performance from G lubricant when the load is increased on the engine. High loads for truck diesel engines are usually seen when the truck starts to move and then at high speeds when encountering wind resistance. Usually, stationary diesel engines for power generation operate at high load.

Exceptional performance confirmed by University of Queensland

Graphene Manufacturing's managing director and chief executive officer, Craig Nicol, commented: "G lubricant has taken over four years of advanced product testing and is transformational for energy efficiency and emissions reduction for the liquid fuels industry. It is the culmination of decades of lubricants, engines, energy markets and graphene knowledge, which is inherent in the GMG business. The next challenge to commercialize this product awaits -- which we are eagerly preparing for."

Graphene Manufacturing's chairman and director, Jack Perkowski, commented: "G lubricant's performance, which demonstrates an 8.4-per-cent improvement in fuel efficiency using only a very small amount of graphene in an easy-to-use graphene concentrate, is a category creator that has the potential to redefine the multitrillion-dollar liquid fuel market. The fact that only 1 per cent of G lubricant is needed to achieve such savings provides a very attractive value proposition for fleet owners."

$1.4-trillion (U.S.) global diesel industry

Whilst G lubricant can be used to reduce fuel consumption in both diesel and gasoline/petrol engines, Graphene Manufacturing intends to focus on the diesel market initially, which is largely business to business focused and, therefore, more targeted as far as fuel cost savings and performance. Graphene Manufacturing calculates that global diesel fuel sales totalled $1.4-trillion (U.S.) per year, including taxes and duties on approximately 28 million barrels of diesel per day as detailed by the Energy Information Administration.

Estimated $1.2-billion-(U.S.)-per-year global diesel market for G lubricant

Assuming an average fuel savings of 8.4 per cent, Graphene Manufacturing believes that a conservative estimate of the potential market for G lubricant is 10 per cent of the fuel savings realized by users annually. Assuming G lubricant pricing equal to 10 per cent of the savings realized, Graphene Manufacturing estimates that the potential global revenue for G lubricant is $1.2-billion (U.S.) sales per year.

Detailed equipment and process for testing G lubricant

The following describes the equipment used and the process followed by the company in demonstrating the fuel saving demonstration of the G lubricant in the diesel engine generator:

• A 30-kilovolt-ampere (24-kilowatt) Cummins diesel engine generator (with 14,784 hours of run time) was purchased and set up in the Graphene Manufacturing Richlands warehouse.
• The generator was connected to a 40-kilowatt power load bank, which consumed the energy produced by the generator and created the load and a 500-litre self-contained fuel tank.
• Two calibrated flow sensors were connected (inflow and return/outflow) to the fuel lines and to a data logger, which recorded the fuel consumption.
• An energy analyzer was used to log and track energy produced by the generator.
• Tests were conducted on loads of 40 per cent, 60 per cent and 80 per cent loads of the 40-kilowatt power load bank -- 12, 18 and 24 kilowatts, respectively.
• A baseline to record diesel fuel consumption under normal engine oil and operating conditions was completed with newly changed recommended premium diesel engine oil and a new oil filter. This oil change was carried out by a professional engine maintenance service company.
• The engine was run at the different loads (40 per cent, 60 per cent and 80 per cent), and the baseline and G lubricant data set used for the analytics are when the maximum ambient temperature for the day was less than 33 C, and relative humidity was between 50 per cent and 80 per cent with no rain. Fuel consumption for diesel engines changes when operating in rain or very high humidity or temperatures, so the fuel consumption data baseline and G lubricant engine oil additive performance testing were excluded for these times.
• Only steady-state data were used, so any variance or anomalous data seen in either baseline or G lubricant data sets were removed from the analytics. Data sets were grouped into minute blocks.
• Once the baseline fuel tests were completed, the engine oil was drained, and the oil filters were replaced. G-lubricant with approximately 1 to 100 concentration was mixed at approximately 1-per-cent ratio by weight with a new batch of the same premium recommended engine oil and added to the generator engine. The end ratio of Graphene Manufacturing's graphene to the diesel engine oil was approximately one to 10,000 by weight. The oil change was carried out by the same professional engine maintenance service company.

G lubricant packaging

G lubricant is currently sold by Graphene Manufacturing in different small pack sizes. A 500-millilitre pack can be diluted into 50 litres of engine oil to provide improved engine performance. Graphene Manufacturing intends to directly market the product to its targeted markets through various pack sizes for direct and bulk use.

The detailed data for this fuel test are shown below.

Basis for performance improvement

G lubricant improves fuel efficiency by creating less friction in the boundary layer lubrication of the pistons inside the cylinder block of the engine. It is widely accepted that approximately 30 per cent of the fuel is used in an engine to overcome internal friction and that approximately 60 per cent of the engine friction is in the piston area. Graphene has also been seen to prevent wear and also fill in wear scars of an engine, helping to improve piston sealing.

Patent progress of G lubricant

Graphene Manufacturing submitted a patent application on the G lubricant product as soon as it was possible, and this is progressing through the usual process to be approved for the main target markets.

About Graphene Manufacturing Group Ltd.

Graphene Manufacturing is an Australian-based clean-technology company which develops, makes and sells energy-saving and energy storage solutions, enabled by graphene manufactured through an in-house production process. Graphene Manufacturing uses its own proprietary production process to decompose natural gas (that is, methane) into its natural elements, carbon (as graphene), hydrogen and some residual hydrocarbon gases. This process produces high-quality, low-cost, scalable, tunable and low/no-contaminant graphene suitable for use in clean-technology and other applications.

The company's present focus is to derisk and develop commercial scale-up capabilities and secure market applications. In the energy savings segment, Graphene Manufacturing has initially focused on graphene-enhanced heating, ventilation and air conditioning coating (or energy-saving coating), which is being marketed into other applications, including electronic heat sinks, industrial process plants and data centres. Another product Graphene Manufacturing has developed is the graphene lubricant additive focused on saving liquid fuels initially for diesel engines.

In the energy storage segment, Graphene Manufacturing and the University of Queensland are working collaboratively with financial support from the Australian government to progress research and development and commercialization of graphene aluminum-ion batteries. Graphene Manufacturing has also developed a graphene additive slurry that is aimed to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries.

Graphene Manufacturing's four critical business objectives are:

1. Produce graphene and improve/scale cell production processes;
2. Build revenue from energy savings products
3. Develop next-generation battery;
4. Develop supply chain, partners and project execution capability.

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