An anonymous director reports

SANDSTORM GOLD ROYALTIES COMPLETES ANTAMINA TRANSACTION WITH HORIZON COPPER AND PROVIDES ASSET UPDATES

Sandstorm Gold Ltd. has provided updates on various assets, including the completion of the previously announced Antamina transaction with Horizon Copper Corp.

Completion of Antamina transaction with Horizon Copper

Sandstorm has completed the previously announced sale of its 1.66-per-cent net profit interest on the Antamina copper mine in Peru to Horizon Copper. As consideration for the Antamina NPI, Horizon Copper provided to Sandstorm $20-million (U.S.) in cash, a 1.66-per-cent life-of-mine silver stream referenced to silver production from Antamina, a secured long-term convertible note with a principal amount of $149.1-million (U.S.) and 2,329,849 common shares of Horizon, which maintain Sandstorm's 34-per-cent ownership of Horizon. Sandstorm also retained a residual royalty with payments equal to approximately one-third of the total Antamina NPI, after deducting the Antamina silver stream. With the close of the transaction, Horizon Copper is expected to commence trading on the TSX Venture Exchange on June 21, 2023.

For more details on the Antamina NPI transaction, see the company's press release dated May 2, 2022, and Horizon's press release dated June 15, 2023.

With the completion of the Antamina NPI transaction, Horizon Copper now holds interests in three renowned copper projects: a 1.66-per-cent NPI on the Antamina copper mine in Peru, a 30-per-cent interest in the Hod Maden copper-gold project in Turkey and a 25-per-cent equity stake in Entree Resources Ltd. (Toronto Stock Exchange: ETG), which holds a 20-per-cent carried interest joint venture on the Hugo North extension of the Oyu Tolgoi copper project in Mongolia. Horizon's objective is to actively expand its existing portfolio of assets with a focus on copper projects. Horizon Copper is a strategic growth partner for Sandstorm, whereby Sandstorm may help finance future copper asset acquisitions with stream financing on precious metal byproducts.

Rio Tinto Group commences underground production at Oyu Tolgoi and consolidates ownership in project

Rio Tinto announced that underground production began at the Oyu Tolgoi copper mine in Mongolia. The milestone event was celebrated at a ceremony with Oyu Tolgoi employees and government of Mongolia representatives. Over 30 drawbells have been blasted since January, 2022, and copper is being produced from the underground mine. Oyu Tolgoi is expected to become the fourth-largest copper mine in the world by 2030, operating in the first quartile of the copper equivalent cost curve. Ore is currently being processed from Panel Zero in Hugo North Lift 1, and production will ramp up over the coming years.

In December, 2022, Rio Tinto completed the acquisition of Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd. and now holds a 66-per-cent direct interest in the Oyu Tolgoi project with the remaining 34 per cent owned by the government of Mongolia.

For more information, visit the Rio Tinto website and see the press releases dated March 13, 2023, and Dec. 16, 2022.

Sandstorm holds a gold, silver and copper stream on the Hugo North extension whereby Sandstorm is entitled to purchase 5.62 per cent of the gold and silver produced at continuing payments of $220 (U.S.) per ounce gold and $5 (U.S.) per ounce silver. Sandstorm is entitled to purchase 0.42 per cent of the copper produced at a continuing payment of 50 U.S. cents per pound copper.

Lundin Mining Corp. to acquire majority interest in Caserones copper mine

Lundin Mining announced it has entered into a binding purchase agreement to acquire 51 per cent of the Caserones copper-molybdenum mine located in Chile. Lundin Mining will pay upfront cash consideration of $800-million and an additional $150-million in deferred cash consideration in instalments over a six-year period following the closing date. Lundin Mining will also have the right to acquire up to an additional 19-per-cent interest in Caserones for $350-million over a five-year period commencing on the first anniversary of the date of closing.

The acquisition delivers a large-scale, long-life copper operation with favourable cash flow generation that will complement Lundin Mining's existing operations and overall copper-dominant portfolio of high-quality base metal mines. The proximity of Caserones to Lundin Mining's Candelaria operations (approximately 160 kilometres from Caserones) and the emerging Vicuna copper district introduces opportunities to realize additional savings and implement effective supply, logistical and management strategies. Lundin Mining expects operational improvements under its management, including initiating drill programs. Lundin Mining believes significant exploration potential exists within the mineral property package at Caserones with several priority exploration targets identified to date.

For more information, visit Lundin Mining's website and see the press release dated March 27, 2023.

Sandstorm holds a 0.63-per-cent net smelter return royalty on the Caserones mine when copper prices are greater than $1.25 (U.S.) per pound copper. The NSR royalty varies at copper prices below $1.25 (U.S.) per pound.

Barrick Gold Corp. declares maiden reserves for Robertson deposit at Cortez complex

Barrick has completed a prefeasibility study for the Robertson open-pit project at the Cortez complex in Nevada. Robertson's maiden attributable proven and probable gold reserves are estimated at 1.0 million ounces at 0.46 gram per tonne contained within approximately 67.6 million tonnes. Resources continued to grow, with additional exploration upside being further tested at the Distal target, located at the western extent of Robertson. Robertson is a key source of oxide mill feed in the long-term mine plan for the Cortez complex, which consists of multiple open-pit and underground mines and several processing facilities. The growth at Robertson broadens support of Barrick's plan for the deposit to contribute meaningfully to Cortez's production profile and extend beyond the 10-year outlook.

For more information, visit the Barrick website, and see the press release dated Feb. 9, 2023, and Barrick's 2022 annual report. Barrick reports gold reserves based on variable cut-off grades.

Sandstorm holds a sliding scale NSR royalty on the Robertson project between 1.0 per cent to 2.25 per cent. When gold prices are below $1,200 (U.S.) per ounce, the NSR is 1.0 per cent, increasing 0.25 per cent for every $200 (U.S.) increase in the price of gold per ounce up to a maximum 2.25-per-cent NSR royalty.

Lundin Gold Inc. adds 1.58 million ounces to Fruta del Norte mineral reserves

Lundin Gold announced updated mineral reserves for the Fruta del Norte gold mine in Ecuador. As of Dec. 31, 2022, proven and probable mineral reserves contain 5.0 million ounces of gold in 18.0 million tonnes at a grade of 8.7 grams per tonne (based on 4.2-gram-per-tonne-cut-off grade for transverse stope and 5.3 g/t for drift and fill reserves). The updated mineral reserves have, in effect, replaced all mined reserves since operations began at the mine in 2019, as well as added additional reserves. Lundin Gold plans to increase a near-mine drilling program to a minimum of 23,000 metres in 2023, compared with 15,500 metres originally planned. The company's conversion program that is currently under way aims to convert mineral resources to mineral reserves. Sandstorm's royalty covers a 644-square-kilometre land package at Fruta del Norte, including the entirety of existing reserves and resources.

For more information, visit the Lundin Gold website, and see the press releases dated Feb. 27, 2023, and May 4, 2023. Sandstorm has a 0.9-per-cent NSR royalty on the precious metals produced from the Fruta del Norte project.

Lundin Mining announces maiden estimate for the Sauva deposit and updates Chapada mineral reserves and resources

Lundin Mining reported its mineral resource and reserve estimates for the Chapada project in Brazil, including the maiden estimate for the Sauva deposit, located approximately 15 kilometres from the Chapada plant.

Sauva's indicated mineral resource is estimated to be 179.0 million tonnes at 0.32 per cent copper and 0.20 g/t gold, containing 578,000 tonnes (1.3 billion pounds) of copper and 1.1 million ounces of gold (using a cut-off grade of 0.16 per cent copper equivalent based on $4.02 per pound copper and $1,800 per ounce gold and 79-per-cent recovery for copper and 68-per-cent recovery for gold). The deposit remains open, and Lundin Mining expects mineral resources to continue to grow with continuing exploration efforts.

Chapada's proven and probable mineral reserves are estimated to be 655.7 million tonnes at 0.23 per cent copper and 0.13 g/t gold, containing 1.5 million tonnes (3.3 billion pounds) of copper and 3.7 million ounces of gold. Total copper-gold measured and indicated mineral resources are estimated to be 1.1 billion tonnes at 0.22 per cent copper and 0.12 g/t gold, containing 2.5 million tonnes (5.4 billion pounds) of copper and 4.15 million ounces of gold. Lundin Mining reported that exploration success has offset mine depletion since the June 30, 2021, mineral estimates (mineral resources are inclusive of mineral reserves and are based on an open-pit discard NSR cut-off grade of $4.72 per tonne using metal prices of $4.02 per pound copper and $1,800 per ounce gold).

For more information, visit the Lundin Mining website, and see the press release dated Feb. 8, 2023.

Sandstorm has a copper stream agreement to purchase 4.2 per cent of the copper produced at Chapada up to a maximum of 3.9 million pounds annually. When 39 million pounds of copper has been delivered to Sandstorm, the copper stream will reduce to 3.0 per cent. Once 50 million pounds of copper have been delivered to Sandstorm on a cumulative basis, the stream will reduce to 1.5 per cent of the copper produced for the life of the mine. Sandstorm will make continuing payments for each pound of copper purchased equal to 30 per cent of the spot price of copper. Sandstorm also holds a 2.0-per-cent NSR royalty on the Suruca deposit at Chapada, which was purchased as part of the Nomad Royalty Company Ltd. acquisition in 2022.

Cerrado Gold Inc. commences heap leach operations at Las Calandrias

Cerrado Gold announced that heap leach operations at its Las Calandrias project in Argentina commenced in April and expects first gold pour in June. Las Calandrias project is expected to add 25,000 ounces per annum of gold production capacity and is the first of two heap leach projects that are to be initiated this year, increasing overall gold production from Cerrado Gold's Argentine operations.

For more information, visit Cerrado Gold's website, and see the press release dated April 27, 2023. Sandstorm holds a 2.0-per-cent NSR royalty on Las Calandrias project.

Sandstorm files early warning report

Pursuant to National Instrument 62-103 (the Early Warning System and Related Take Over Bid and Insider Reporting Issues), Sandstorm reported that it has received an aggregate of 2,329,849 common shares of Horizon Copper, the second part of Horizon's previously announced reverse takeover transaction. In addition, Sandstorm also acquired 1,468,750 Horizon shares and 734,375 warrants upon the conversion of subscription receipts acquired by Sandstorm in the previously closed Horizon Copper (see Horizon's press release dated April 17 and April 20). Each warrant entitles Sandstorm to purchase one common share at an exercise price of $1.10 per share for a period of four years from the date of issuance. Prior to the RTO Part B and the private placement, Sandstorm owned 25,475,487 Horizon shares, representing approximately 34 per cent of the outstanding Horizon shares on a non-diluted basis. Sandstorm also held an initial principal amount $95-million (U.S.) convertible promissory note initially issued on Aug. 31, 2023. Following the completion of RTO Part B and the private placement, Sandstorm owns 29,274,086 Horizon shares, representing approximately 34 per cent of the outstanding Horizon shares on a non-diluted basis.

In addition, as partial consideration for RTO Part B, Sandstorm received the RTO Part B note, which has a maturity date of 10 years and is convertible into Horizon shares either by Sandstorm or Horizon in repayment of the RTO Part B note subject to certain conditions. The RTO Part B note will be convertible into Horizon shares at the option of Sandstorm at a conversion price of the greater of: (i) the current market price as of the date of conversion; and (ii) the floor price of 60 cents per Horizon shares, subject in each instance to adjustments in certain circumstances. Horizon Copper may also, at its option, repay the RTO Part B note at the then current market price, provided that if the current market price is lower than 60 cents per Horizon shares, Horizon Copper shall not be entitled to exercise its right to repay the loans in Horizon shares. Similarly to RTO Part A note, the RTO Part B note provides that Horizon Copper shall not effect any conversion of any amount under the RTO Part B note or any payment by the issuance of Horizon shares, and Sandstorm shall not have the right to convert any amount thereunder, to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion or issuance, Sandstorm, alone or together with any of its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 34 per cent of the number of common shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion or issuance on a non-diluted basis.

The acquisition of the Horizon shares and the RTO Part B note is being completed pursuant to the terms of a definitive acquisition agreement entered into between Horizon and Sandstorm in connection with the RTO Part B. Depending on market conditions and other factors, Sandstorm advises that it may, from time to time, acquire additional securities of Horizon, dispose of some or all of the existing or additional securities it holds or will hold, or may continue to hold its current position. An early warning report, as required under National Instrument 62-103, containing additional information with respect to the foregoing matters, will be filed by Sandstorm on Horizon Copper's SEDAR profile. To obtain a copy of the report, contact investor relations at 604-628-1164.

Qualified person

Keith Laskowski (MSc), Sandstorm's vice-president, geology, is a qualified professional (No. 01221QP) of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America and a qualified person as defined by Canadian National Instrument 43-101. He has reviewed and approved the technical information in this press release.

About Sandstorm Gold Ltd.

Sandstorm is a precious-metal-focused royalty company that provides upfront financing to mining companies and receives the right to a percentage of production from a mine for the life of the mine. Sandstorm holds a portfolio of 250 royalties, of which 40 of the underlying mines are producing. Sandstorm plans to expand and diversify its low-cost production profile through the acquisition of additional gold royalties.

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