Dr. Bharat Chahar of Zenyatta reports

ZENYATTA & BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS ACHIEVE SUCCESS ON PERFORMANCE TESTING USING NATURAL ALBANY GRAPHITE VERSUS SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN A FUEL CELL STACK

Zenyatta Ventures Ltd. and Ballard Power Systems Inc. have completed successful performance testing of high-purity Albany graphite in components of a Ballard fuel-cell stack. This phase 4 testing program was designed to show viability of Zenyatta's Albany graphite compared with synthetic graphite in realistic fuel-cell operating conditions.

Zenyatta natural graphite material was prototyped, tested and compared for key mechanical and electrical properties against Ballard's baseline synthetic graphite in a commercial product platform. Importantly, the properties of Zenyatta's Albany graphite material were all within the specifications needed for high performance of Ballard products in a number of commercial fuel-cell applications. The components made from Albany graphite were equivalent to the existing synthetic-graphite-made components. This is another significant step in the process of qualifying Zenyatta's Albany graphite for existing fuel-cell markets in transportation and stationary energy storage.

From an environmental and cost advantage, the Ballard report also concluded that Zenyatta graphite provides a clean carbon option for fuel-cell components (such as plates and membrane electrode assembly). If Zenyatta's hydrothermal graphite can also be low cost compared with existing synthetic graphite, it will facilitate fuel-cell cost reduction and market penetration.

Synthetic graphite is not only used in major components of fuel cells, but also many other applications, such as the manufacture of anodes for lithium-ion batteries and the fabrication of high-purity graphite powder into complex industrial parts. It is a large and high-value global market (approximately $15-billion (U.S.)) that is growing rapidly, but the cost to produce synthetic graphite is high and its production also has significant environmental impacts. Finding alternative graphite with a cost and environmental advantage is important as the global green movement against pollution intensifies. Zenyatta has shown an estimated operating cost of approximately $2 (U.S.) per kilogram for purified Albany graphite in the preliminary economic assessment and can also potentially show a significant environmental advantage over synthetic graphite.

The fuel-cell market is showing high growth potential globally. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells convert hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water. This technology has the potential for widespread usage in many sectors, including transportation and stationary energy applications. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such as Honda and Toyota are already making fuel-cell-powered vehicles available in limited volumes. Significant efforts are also being made to develop hydrogen storage and distribution infrastructure.

Dr. Bharat Chahar, vice-president, market development, Zenyatta, noted: "This is the fourth round of successful test results which continue to prove the suitability of Albany graphite in an exciting and high-growth clean-tech application like fuel cells. We are extremely pleased with the progress and Ballard's involvement in testing the viability of Albany graphite in this application. It is very important to note that the material being tested by Ballard was run-of-the-lab Albany graphite material produced with no special processing or customization for these tests."

The membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which includes the gas diffusion layer (GDL), is a critical component of a PEM fuel cell that must meet exacting performance standards for the fuel cell to be robust and reliable. Ballard prototyped GDLs from Zenyatta graphite, which included an anode and cathode sublayer, and then incorporated it into an MEA that was tested in a fuel-cell stack to characterize fuel-cell performance. Given the positive results from this phase 4 testing, Zenyatta and Ballard will study the scale-up of various fuel-cell components made from Albany graphite and develop plans to carry out additional rigorous testing specifically related to automotive applications.

Zenyatta started phase 1 testing of Albany graphite for fuel-cell components in early 2015 with an initial screening by the National Research Council of Canada and Ballard Power Systems. Test results released in March of 2015 showed the Albany graphite to be suitable for hydrogen fuel-cell components. A phase 2 testing program by Ballard was initiated immediately afterward and announced in August, 2015. This revealed that Albany graphite exhibits high thermal and corrosion resistance properties. High thermal stability and corrosion resistance are critical in the performance of certain fuel-cell components. The results of a phase 3 program were released by Zenyatta in December, 2015. All functional tests completed at that time showed the properties of Zenyatta's Albany graphite to be as good as the benchmark synthetic graphite presently used by Ballard in fuel-cell technology. These positive results led Ballard to incorporate Zenyatta material into a fuel-cell stack in order to test it under realistic operating environments.

Zenyatta Ventures continues to develop the Albany graphite material from a deposit located in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The company's 100-per-cent-owned graphite deposit is located 30 kilometres north of the Trans-Canada Highway, a power line and a natural gas pipeline near the communities of Constance Lake First Nation and Hearst. A rail line is located 70 kilometres away with an all-weather road approximately 10 kilometres from the graphite deposit.

Dr. Bharat Chahar, PE, vice-president, market development, for Zenyatta, is a qualified person for the purposes of National Instrument 43-101 and has reviewed, prepared and supervised the preparation of the technical information in this news release.

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